Here's a true story, funny now but not then, that I experienced with respect to keeping water lines from freezing.
Most of my professional career was in chemical and refinery plants as Project Manager. I had a project in one of our company's northern plants in the 1980s. The plant's safety department had decided to save energy by not electrically tracing any new safety showers installed. Instead, they installed Ogontz AMBIENT TEMPERATURE SENSING FREEZE PROTECTION VALVES underground bypassing the underground manual valve for the safety shower. The engineer on my project simply purchased the "plant standard" as he should have. These valves open at a preset temperature and close when the temperature reaches 10 to 15 degrees above the set temperature. For freeze protection, the recommended setting is 35 degrees, so the water would have to reach 50 degrees before the valve would for sure close.
I remember the startup quite well. There was a long cold period, and on New Year's Day, the high was minus 1. On January 2nd we arrived on site to find a mountain of ice that enclosed the entire safety shower approximately 6 feet in diameter and higher than the safety shower. Through the ice, you could still see running water from the shower head. The water temperature in the underground feed never reached the 50 degrees that was required to shut the Ogontz valve. That design was never used again, and electric heat tracing was installed on all the safety showers that had Ogontz freeze protection valves and the valves were removed.
The good news was the water never froze. The bad news was that you couldn't get to the shower if you needed it because of the mountain of ice. Steam hoses and several hours of labor later, the safety shower was again usable.